What's inside this vaccine

My mother recently explained me about this «covid» vaccine. Like what’s inside. I’ll try to translate it here in terms of common biology and physics, such as cells and molecules.

Our organism builds itself according to some genetic information. Genetic information is some molecular structure. This structure consists of smaller structures, called DNA molecules. Those consist of smaller structures, like strands, and then smaller structures and so on. All the way to those particles that physicists sometimes see in the universe.

Cell is a basic building block of an organism. Cell contains a genetic information as well as all kinds of other stuff. Which allows the cell to reproduce itself. To build higher structures like organs and tissues. It has a liquid inside where all the elements of the cell such as nucleus are «floating».

Virus also contains some genetic information. But it is much smaller and does not have any of the cell stuff. Cells are self sufficient, they can replicate. But viruses can only use a host to reproduce. A simple virus consists of such information and something that helps to transmit it to the target. The target of a virus is the organism cell. It injects its information into the cell. So the cell starts to replicate the virus. In this way the virus is able to reproduce.

Genetic information is located in the cell nucleus. There are other molecular structures in the cell, like little machines, which can read DNA molecules and produce another molecules called RNA. One of the functions of RNA is to carry the genetic information found in the nucleus into various parts of the cell.

So the RNA comes out of the nucleus. While there are bigger «machines» «floating» around the nucleus. Those can produce a protein. They are attaching themselves to RNA and produce a protein according to that information carried by an RNA.

Protein is a larger and a more complex molecule. Scientists observe proteins doing higher level work in the cell. So the cell is like a factory producing higher and higher structures from the genetic information. Which eventually produce new cells. The virus in turn prefers to inject itself into the cell and hijack the protein production. So the cell can be turned into a factory producing more viruses instead.

Now about vaccines. They are also different.

Russian Sputnik is based on a recombinant adenovirus with an integrated gen of «covid». Adenovirus is just a name for a specific type of virus. Scientists modified (recombined) this virus. I guess it was the most suitable type for modifications. It was disarmed and can not trigger the infection. It only keeps the ability to access cells and produce a «covid» protein. Which will trigger the immune reaction. So this sputnik is a modified virus that contains some «covid» genetic information.

Pfizer and Moderna are based on a more compact piece of genetic information, just a viral RNA. And they are not modified viruses, but some artificially built containers of this information. RNA molecules are packed into some kind of a shell. A certain kind of a shell is used in order to preserve the information inside all the way to the cell. So the «covid» protein can then be produced out of this RNA information.

Immune cells will come and attack those proteins. RNA structures they live a very short time. They are destructed in the process. And the «covid» protein produced by the infected cell is destroyed by the immune cells. Which acquire an immune memory in process. So nothing should be left out of the vaccine, once it served the function of training the immune cells.

Vaccine shell is supposed to be neutral, serve the purpose and be decomposed. Similar to normal pills shells. It is supposed to be harmless, do not produce any dangerous chemicals and stuff like this.

Hopefully it’s what is inside.